![]() One exciting property that has sparked significant interest is its ability to store electrical charge. Since its discovery a decade ago, dozens of potential uses for graphene have been proposed, from faster computer chips and flexible touchscreens to hyper-efficient solar cells and desalination membranes. This review also meticulously discusses the underlying challenges and possible solutions to achieve high energy density graphene-based SCs in practice. It includes a description on how each approach is implemented and an explanation of how each can provide effective research results. To this end, this comprehensive review focuses on the material- and device-level approaches to high energy density graphene-based conventional macroscale SCs (≥11.65 Wh kg−1) and flexible SCs and microsupercapacitors (≈0.3–10 mWh cm−3 ≈300–16000 μWh cm−2). ![]() Their maximum achievable energy density (i.e., 11.65 Wh kg−1) is too low to make them competitive against batteries in high-energy applications. Still, only two companies have commercialised graphene-based supercapacitors thus far. ![]() ![]() Since the invention of graphene in 2004, graphene-based SCs have set the upper performance limit of the symmetric carbon-based SCs due to superior electrical conductivity and very high accessible surface area of graphene. Book Title : Visual Informatics: Sustaining Research and Innovationsīook Subtitle : Second International Visual Informatics Conference, IVIC 2011, Selangor, Malaysia, November 9-11, 2011, Proceedings, Part IIĮditors : Halimah Badioze Zaman, Peter Robinson, Maria Petrou, Patrick Olivier, Timothy K.Despite high power density, fast charging/discharging rate, and long operational lifetime, large-scale application of supercapacitor (SC) is limited by its intrinsically low energy densities (of 5–8 Wh kg−1 (gravimetric) and 5–8 Wh L−1 (volumetric)), which are at least 10-fold lower than battery. ![]()
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